Cholera is a severe bacterial infection that primarily affects the intestines, causing acute diarrhoea and dehydration. It spreads through contaminated food and water, posing a significant health threat, especially in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene. Though preventable with proper sanitation, hygiene, and vaccination, cholera remains a concern for travellers and residents in endemic regions. In this blog, we will explore cholera’s causes, symptoms, types of vaccines, prevention strategies, and post-exposure care, while emphasizing the availability of cholera vaccination in Shepperton at Trio Pharmacy’s Travel & Vaccination Clinic.
What Causes Cholera?
Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which produces a toxin that leads to severe diarrhoea. The primary mode of transmission is the ingestion of contaminated food or water. Some common sources of contamination include:
- Drinking water contaminated with sewage
- Consuming raw or undercooked seafood
- Eating food prepared in unsanitary conditions
- Poor hand hygiene
Cholera outbreaks are more common in areas with inadequate clean water supply and poor sanitation, making prevention crucial in such regions.
Signs and Symptoms of Cholera
Cholera symptoms range from mild to severe, with some individuals showing no symptoms at all. However, for those who develop symptoms, they may experience:
- Watery diarrhoea (often described as “rice-water” stools)
- Severe dehydration leading to sunken eyes, dry mouth, and extreme thirst
- Nausea and vomiting
- Muscle cramps due to electrolyte imbalance
- Rapid heart rate (tachycardia)
- Low blood pressure (hypotension)
- Shock and organ failure in extreme cases
Severe cholera cases can be life-threatening within hours if not treated promptly.
Cholera Vaccines: Types and Effectiveness
Vaccination is an essential preventive measure against cholera, particularly for travellers visiting high-risk areas. There are currently two main types of cholera vaccines:
1. Oral Cholera Vaccines (OCVs)
Oral cholera vaccines are widely recommended for travellers and residents in endemic areas. The main types include:
- Dukoral: A two-dose vaccine that provides protection for up to two years. Suitable for adults and children over two years old.
- Shanchol and Euvichol-Plus: These vaccines require two doses and offer long-term protection (up to five years). They are used primarily in mass vaccination campaigns.
2. Injectable Cholera Vaccine
Though less commonly used, injectable cholera vaccines exist. However, they have been largely replaced by oral vaccines due to better efficacy and ease of administration.
Prevention of Cholera
Apart from vaccination, cholera prevention involves:
1. Ensuring Safe Drinking Water
- Boil or purify water before consumption.
- Use bottled or filtered water when traveling.
- Avoid ice cubes made from unclean water.
2. Practicing Proper Hygiene
- Wash hands thoroughly with soap and clean water.
- Use alcohol-based hand sanitizers when soap is unavailable.
3. Safe Food Practices
- Eat well-cooked food.
- Avoid raw seafood and unpasteurized dairy products.
- Consume fruits and vegetables that can be peeled.
4. Sanitation Measures
- Proper disposal of human waste.
- Regular cleaning of surfaces and food preparation areas.
Things to Do After a Cholera Incident
If someone contracts cholera, immediate medical intervention is necessary. Steps to take include:
- Rehydration Therapy – Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS) help replace lost fluids and electrolytes.
- Seek Medical Treatment – Severe cases may require intravenous fluids and antibiotics.
- Monitor Symptoms – Watch for signs of dehydration and worsening conditions.
- Isolate the Patient – Reduce the risk of spreading the infection to others.
- Practice Hygiene – Clean contaminated areas and disinfect household items.
Cholera Vaccination in Shepperton at Trio Pharmacy
If you are traveling to a cholera-endemic region, getting vaccinated is essential. Trio Pharmacy’s Travel & Vaccination Clinic in Shepperton offers cholera vaccination to ensure you stay protected.
Why Choose Trio Pharmacy for Your Cholera Vaccination?
- Expert advice from trained professionals
- Convenient appointment booking
- Safe and effective cholera vaccination services
- Comprehensive travel health consultation
Conclusion
Cholera remains a serious health concern, but with proper precautions, hygiene practices, and vaccination, it is highly preventable. If you are planning to travel or reside in a cholera-endemic region, ensure you are protected with the cholera vaccination at Trio Pharmacy’s Travel & Vaccination Clinic in Shepperton.