Hepatitis A: A Comprehensive Guide
Hepatitis A is a highly contagious liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). It is a preventable disease that primarily spreads through contaminated food and water or close contact with an infected person. While it generally does not cause chronic liver disease, hepatitis A can lead to severe complications in certain cases, making awareness, prevention, and vaccination essential.
What is Hepatitis A?
Hepatitis A is a viral infection that causes inflammation and damage to the liver. Unlike other hepatitis viruses (such as hepatitis B or C), hepatitis A does not result in long-term liver damage. Most people recover fully within weeks or months, but in rare cases, it can lead to acute liver failure, particularly in older adults or individuals with pre-existing liver conditions.
Signs and Symptoms of Hepatitis A
Symptoms of hepatitis A typically appear 2 to 7 weeks after exposure to the virus. The severity of symptoms can vary from mild to severe and may include:
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Loss of Appetite
- Abdominal Pain or Discomfort, particularly near the liver (on the right side under the ribs)
- Dark-Coloured Urine
- Pale or Clay-Coloured Stools
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
- Joint pain
- Itchy Skin
In some cases, particularly in young children, hepatitis A can be asymptomatic, meaning individuals may not exhibit noticeable symptoms but can still spread the virus.
Causes of Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A is caused by the hepatitis A virus, which spreads primarily through the faecal-oral route. The virus can enter the body through:
Close Contact with an Infected Person
- Living in the same household as an infected person.
- Caring for someone with hepatitis A.
- Having sexual contact with an infected individual.
Contaminated Food or Water
- Eating raw or undercooked shellfish from polluted waters.
- Consuming food handled by an infected person who did not practice proper hygiene.
- Drinking contaminated water, especially in areas with poor sanitation.
Travelling to Endemic Regions
- Areas with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water, such as parts of Africa, Asia, Central and South America, and the Middle East.
Prevention of Hepatitis A
Preventing hepatitis A involves a combination of vaccination, good hygiene, and safe food and water practices.
1. Vaccination
The hepatitis A vaccine is highly effective and provides long-lasting protection. It is recommended for:
- Children aged 12 months and older.
- Travellers to regions where hepatitis A is endemic.
- Individuals with chronic liver disease.
- People working in high-risk occupations, such as healthcare workers or food
handlers. - Men who have sex with men.
- People who use recreational drugs.
The vaccine is given as two doses, spaced 6 to 12 months apart.
2. Practice Good Hygiene
- Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after using the toilet, changing
diapers, or before preparing and eating food. - Avoid sharing utensils, food, or drinks with others.
3. Ensure Safe Food and Water
- Drink bottled or boiled water in areas with poor sanitation.
- Avoid raw or undercooked foods, especially seafood.
- Peel fruits and vegetables yourself if eating in an unfamiliar area.
Regions Where Hepatitis A is Endemic
Hepatitis A is most prevalent in areas with inadequate sanitation and limited access to clean drinking water. These include:
- Africa
- Asia, particularly South and Southeast Asia
- Central and South America
- The Middle East
- Parts of Eastern Europe
Travellers to these regions are strongly advised to receive the hepatitis A vaccine before their trip.
Why Vaccinate at Trio Pharmacy's Travel & Vaccination Clinic in Shepperton?
If you’re planning to travel to an endemic region or want to protect yourself against hepatitis A, Trio Pharmacy’s Travel & Vaccination Clinic in Shepperton is your trusted destination.
- Expert Guidance: Our trained healthcare professionals provide personalised advice tailored to your needs.
- Convenient Appointments: Flexible booking options to suit your schedule.
- Comprehensive Care: We ensure you receive the most up-to-date vaccinations and travel health information.