MMR: A Comprehensive Guide
Measles is caused by the measles virus and primarily affects the respiratory system. It is one of the most contagious diseases and spreads rapidly in unvaccinated populations.
What is MMR?
Measles
Measles is caused by the measles virus and primarily affects the respiratory system. It is one of the most contagious diseases and spreads rapidly in unvaccinated populations.
- Transmission: Spread through respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing.
- Complications: Can cause pneumonia, encephalitis (brain inflammation), and death.
Mumps
Mumps is caused by the mumps virus and primarily affects the salivary glands. It can also lead to systemic complications in some cases.
- Transmission: Spread through saliva or respiratory droplets.
- Complications: Can cause meningitis, orchitis (swelling of the testicles), and infertility.
Rubella (German Measles)
Rubella is caused by the rubella virus and is generally milder than measles or mumps. However, it poses a significant risk to pregnant women and their unborn babies.
- Transmission: Spread through respiratory droplets or from a pregnant mother to her baby.
- Complications: Congenital rubella syndrome in newborns can cause heart defects, hearing loss, and developmental delays.
Signs and Symptoms of MMR
Symptoms of Measles
- High fever (up to 40°C or 104°F).
- Cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes.
- Koplik spots (tiny white spots inside the mouth).
- Red, blotchy rash that spreads from the face to the rest of the body.
Symptoms of Mumps
- Swollen and painful salivary glands (parotitis).
- Fever and headache.
- Muscle aches and fatigue.
- Pain while chewing or swallowing.
Causes of Rubella
- Mild fever and headache.
- Rash that starts on the face and spreads to the body.
- Swollen lymph nodes, particularly behind the ears.
- Joint pain, especially in adults.
Causes of MMR
Measles Virus
- Belongs to the paramyxovirus family.
- Extremely contagious, with a 90% infection rate among unvaccinated individuals exposed to the virus.
Mumps Virus
- A member of the paramyxovirus family.
- Transmitted through saliva, respiratory droplets, or sharing contaminated items.
Rubella Virus
- A togavirus that spreads through respiratory droplets or transplacentally during pregnancy.
- Less contagious than measles but still a public health concern.
Regions Where MMR Diseases Are Endemic
Measles
- Endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and parts of Eastern Europe.
- Outbreaks occur in areas with low vaccination rates, even in developed countries.
Mumps
- Endemic in many parts of Asia, Africa, and Eastern Europe.
- Cases have been reported in crowded environments like schools and military camps.
Rubella
- Endemic in regions with inadequate vaccination programs, including parts of Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East.
- Congenital rubella syndrome is a significant concern in unvaccinated populations.
Things to Take Care of Before & After MMR Vaccination
- Isolate Infected Individuals: Prevent the spread of these highly contagious diseases.
- Monitor for Complications: Seek immediate medical attention if symptoms worsen or complications develop.
- Post-Exposure Prophylaxis:
- For measles: Immunoglobulin may be given to susceptible individuals within 6 days of exposure.
- For rubella: Pregnant women exposed to rubella should consult their healthcare provider.
- Ensure Full Recovery: Rest, hydrate, and follow all medical advice for complete recovery.
- Vaccinate Close Contacts: Protect unvaccinated individuals who may have been exposed.
Why Vaccinate at Trio Pharmacy's Travel & Vaccination Clinic in Shepperton?
If you’re planning to travel to an endemic region or want to protect yourself against MMR, Trio Pharmacy’s Travel & Vaccination Clinic in Shepperton is your trusted destination.
- Expert Guidance: Our trained healthcare professionals provide personalised advice tailored to your needs.
- Convenient Appointments: Flexible booking options to suit your schedule.
- Comprehensive Care: We ensure you receive the most up-to-date vaccinations and travel health information.