RSV: A Comprehensive Guide
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a highly contagious virus that primarily affects the lungs and respiratory tract. It is a leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants, young children, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals. It's recommended during pregnancy and for adults aged 75 to 79. RSV infections can range from mild cold-like symptoms to severe respiratory distress requiring hospitalisation.
What is RSV?
RSV, or Respiratory Syncytial Virus, is a seasonal virus that causes respiratory tract infections. While most people recover in one to two weeks, RSV can lead to severe complications in:
- Premature infants and newborns
- Children under two years old
- Older adults (over 60 years old)
- People with chronic lung or heart disease
- Immunocompromised individuals
RSV infections typically occur during late fall to early spring, with peak outbreaks in winter months.
Signs and Symptoms of RSV
RSV symptoms can range from mild to severe, depending on the individual’s immune system and overall health.
Mild Symptoms (Cold-like Symptoms):
- Runny nose
- Mild cough
- Sneezing
- Fever (low-grade)
- Sore throat
- Decreased appetite
Severe Symptoms (In Infants & High-Risk Individuals):
- Wheezing and rapid breathing
- Severe cough with mucus
- Flaring nostrils and chest retractions (difficulty breathing)
- Cyanosis (bluish skin, lips, or nails due to lack of oxygen)
- High fever
- Lethargy and irritability
Severe RSV infections can progress to bronchiolitis and pneumonia, requiring hospitalisation.
Causes of RSV
RSV is caused by respiratory syncytial virus, which spreads through:
Contact with Infected Blood or Bodily Fluids
- Direct contact with an infected person (e.g., kissing, shaking hands).
Perinatal Transmission
- Airborne droplets from coughs or sneezes.
Close Contact
- Touching contaminated surfaces (e.g., doorknobs, toys, furniture) and then touching the face.
The virus can survive:
- Several hours on hard surfaces (tables, toys).
- Shorter periods on hands and tissues.
RSV is highly contagious, with an incubation period of 2-8 days.
Treatment for Hepatitis B
There is no specific antiviral treatment for RSV, but supportive care helps manage symptoms.
Mild Cases (At-Home Treatment):
- Plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration.
- Rest and humidified air (to ease congestion).
- Nasal saline drops and suction for infants.
- Fever reducers (Paracetamol/Ibuprofen).
- Avoiding smoke and strong odours.
Severe Cases (Hospitalization Required):
- Oxygen therapy for breathing difficulty.
- IV fluids for dehydration.
- Nebulisers or bronchodilators (in some cases).
- Mechanical ventilation in extreme cases
High-risk infants may receive monoclonal antibody therapy for protection.
Regions Where RSV is Endemic
RSV infections occur worldwide, but outbreaks are common in:
- North America & Europe (Seasonal, winter months).
- Africa & South Asia (High transmission year-round).
- Latin America & Southeast Asia (Tropical climates, monsoon season).
Infants and elderly in low-income regions are most at risk due to lack of healthcare access.
RSV Vaccination
RSV vaccines have been recently developed to protect high-risk groups, particularly:
- Infants & young children
- Pregnant women (to pass immunity to newborns)
- Adults over 60 years old.
RSV Vaccination Schedule:
- Pregnant women: During the third trimester (preferably between 32-36 weeks).
- Infants: One dose of monoclonal antibody before RSV season.
- Older adults: Single-dose vaccine recommended before RSV season.
Why Vaccinate at Trio Pharmacy's Travel & Vaccination Clinic in Shepperton?
If you’re planning to travel to an endemic region or want to protect yourself against RSV, Trio Pharmacy’s Travel & Vaccination Clinic in Shepperton is your trusted destination.
- Expert Guidance: Our trained healthcare professionals provide personalised advice tailored to your needs.
- Convenient Appointments: Flexible booking options to suit your schedule.
- Comprehensive Care: We ensure you receive the most up-to-date vaccinations and travel health information.