Rubella, commonly known as German measles, is a contagious viral infection that primarily affects children and young adults. Although it is often mild in children, rubella can cause severe complications in pregnant women, leading to congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in newborns. Due to its potential risks, vaccination remains the most effective way to prevent the disease.
For those looking for rubella vaccination in Shepperton, Trio Pharmacy’s Travel & Vaccination Clinic in Shepperton provides a reliable and convenient solution.
What is Rubella?
Rubella is a viral infection caused by the rubella virus, which spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Unlike measles, rubella typically presents milder symptoms, but its dangers lie in its ability to cause birth defects if a pregnant woman contracts the virus.
Causes of Rubella
Rubella is caused by the rubella virus, which belongs to the Togaviridae family. The virus spreads in the following ways:
- Person-to-person contact: Direct contact with an infected person can transmit the virus.
- Respiratory droplets: The virus spreads when an infected individual coughs, sneezes, or talks.
- Pregnancy transmission: If a pregnant woman contracts rubella, the virus can pass to the fetus, leading to congenital rubella syndrome.
Signs and Symptoms of Rubella
Rubella symptoms usually appear 2 to 3 weeks after exposure to the virus. The infection typically lasts 3 to 5 days and includes:
- Mild fever (below 38.5°C or 101.3°F)
- Pink or red rash, starting on the face and spreading to the rest of the body
- Swollen lymph nodes, especially behind the ears and at the back of the neck
- Mild joint pain, especially in adults
- Headache
- Runny nose and mild cold-like symptoms
- Conjunctivitis (red or inflamed eyes)
Many people, especially children, may experience very mild symptoms or even be asymptomatic.
Complications of Rubella
While rubella is generally mild in children and adults, it can lead to serious complications in certain cases, including:
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS): If a pregnant woman contracts rubella, it can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, or severe birth defects, such as heart disorders, vision problems, and intellectual disabilities.
- Arthritis-like joint pain: More common in adult women.
- Encephalitis (brain inflammation): Rare but serious.
- Bleeding problems: Due to low platelet counts.
Rubella Vaccination
Vaccination is the most effective method to prevent rubella. The rubella vaccine is combined with measles and mumps vaccines (MMR) or measles, mumps, and varicella vaccines (MMRV).
Types of Rubella Vaccines
- MMR Vaccine (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella):
- Standard vaccine for children and adults.
- Typically given in two doses: First dose at 12-15 months and second dose at 4-6 years.
- Provides lifelong immunity.
- MMRV Vaccine (Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella/Chickenpox):
- Includes protection against chickenpox.
- Given to children aged 1-12 years.
For those seeking rubella vaccination at Trio Pharmacy’s Travel & Vaccination Clinic in Shepperton, the MMR vaccine is readily available.
Who Should Get Vaccinated?
- Children: First dose at 12-15 months and a second dose at 4-6 years.
- Unvaccinated adults: Especially those in high-risk settings (healthcare workers, travellers, and those in educational institutions).
- Women of childbearing age: Should confirm immunity before pregnancy.
- International travellers: Rubella is still present in many countries, making vaccination essential before travel.
Who Should Avoid the Vaccine?
- Pregnant women (vaccination should be done at least one month before conception).
- Individuals with severe allergies to vaccine components.
- People with weakened immune systems due to diseases like HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy.
Side Effects of the Rubella Vaccine
The rubella vaccine is safe and effective, with only mild and temporary side effects, including:
- Mild fever
- Swelling or redness at the injection site
- Rash (similar to a mild rubella rash)
- Temporary joint pain (more common in adults)
Severe reactions are extremely rare but can include allergic responses like swelling of the face or difficulty breathing. If severe symptoms occur, medical attention should be sought immediately.
Prevention of Rubella
Apart from vaccination, other ways to reduce the risk of rubella include:
- Avoiding close contact with infected individuals.
- Frequent handwashing with soap and water.
- Covering mouth and nose while coughing or sneezing.
- Avoiding public places if infected to prevent spreading the virus.
Regions Where Rubella is Endemic
Thanks to vaccination programs, rubella has been eliminated in many developed countries. However, it remains a concern in parts of:
- Africa
- South-East Asia
- Latin America
- Eastern Europe
Travellers visiting these regions should ensure they are fully vaccinated before departure.
What to Do After Exposure to Rubella
If you suspect rubella exposure:
- Seek Medical Advice: Especially if you are pregnant or immunocompromised.
- Stay Isolated: Avoid contact with pregnant women and others who might be vulnerable.
- Get Tested: Blood tests can confirm rubella infection.
- Manage Symptoms: Rest, hydration, and fever-reducing medication can help ease discomfort.
- Notify Close Contacts: Inform people you’ve been around so they can check their vaccination status.
Conclusion
Rubella is a preventable disease with potentially serious consequences, particularly for pregnant women. Vaccination remains the best protection against rubella, offering long-term immunity. If you need rubella vaccination in Shepperton, visit Trio Pharmacy’s Travel & Vaccination Clinic in Shepperton to get immunised and stay protected.
Prioritise your health and the health of those around you—get vaccinated today! For more information or to book your rubella vaccine appointment, contact Trio Pharmacy now.